USB, RS232, RS485, RS422 Converters - Extending the Reach of Serial Communications

!: USB, RS232, RS485, RS422 Converters - Extending the Reach of Serial Communications

When you think of RS232, RS485 or RS422, you generally think of legacy serial communication protocols that continue to be used in a surprising number of applications. When you think of fiber optics, it's more long-distance telecommunication and networking applications that come to mind. So what do those older serial protocols, or USB, have to do with fiber optics, if anything? Turns out, quite a bit. And that's why there are fiber optic media converters, for communications projects that require both technologies.

Now just to recap, the serial RS232 communication protocol uses different voltage levels with respect to ground to go point-to-point at slow speeds and over short distances, like between a computer and a printer or a scientific instrument. RS422 uses twisted pairs for faster (and bi-directional) signals over longer distances, and it uses positive and negative and positive voltages. RS485 works like RS422, but uses an addressing scheme to talk with multiple devices. Converters and adapters are used to translate between computers and the various RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, TTL, USB and Ethernet devices. So far it's all strands and wires and making sure the leads are connected properly.

Now where do fiber optics come into play? That would be in situations where the serial communication protocols' speed and distance limitations interfere with a project. Serial communication was never meant for some of the complex applications the technology is being used today, and it has its inherent limitations: Large voltage swings, the need for positive and negative signals, and signal interference are all issues. In many applications, these issues can be addressed with fiber optics.

Fiber optics use light instead of electricity to pass along signals. This means higher speed, higher bandwidth, and inherent resistance to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. Fiber optics is therefore a solution for systems where serial data protocols are used to communicate with remote locations. How do electrical wires communicate with optical fibers? Via fiber optics converters.

Beyond the obvious physical limitations of the various serial protocols, there are no hard rules as to when the use of fiber optics becomes advantageous or imperative. In many systems, copper-based connections exist side-by-side with fiber optic connections, with each type being used where it works best.

In terms of technology, adding fiber optics to a copper-based data communication system requires a transmitter, the fiber optic cable, and a receiver. Even though converting between electric signals and light might seem complex, fiber optic converters are generally simple to use and hassle-free in operation. Good converters are completely auto-sensing and self-adjusting, without the need for manual settings.

Also note that fiber optic converters can handle both single-mode and multi-mode. Single-mode systems use a single strand of fiber for distortion-free, high-speed long distance communication whereas multi-mode cables use less expensive multi-strand fibers that are a bit more prone to signal distortion. Each cable type requires the proper transceivers.

The point is that a lot of the limitations of RS232, RS422, RS485 and even USB and Ethernet communication systems can be addressed by including fiber optics. All the technology is freely available, and the required converters are inexpensive and mature.

USB, RS232, RS485, RS422 Converters - Extending the Reach of Serial Communications

Radon Gas Check Answer Cheap Piano Lamps Lowest Price Lowa Mountain Boots

Simplified Design of Voltage/Frequency Converters (EDN Series for Design Engineers)

!: Lowest Price Simplified Design of Voltage/Frequency Converters (EDN Series for Design Engineers) sale

Brand : | Rate : | Price : $20.00
Post Date : Mar 22, 2011 03:56:24 | Usually ships in 1-2 business days

Simplified Design of Voltage/Frequency Converters (EDN Series for Design Engineers)

Simplified Design of V/F Converters shows how to design and experiment with V/F converters, both voltage-to-frequency and frequency-to-voltage. The design approach here is the same one used in all of John Lenk's best-selling books on simplified and practical design. Throughout the book, design problems start with guidelines for selecting all components on a trial-value basis, assuming a specific design goal and set of conditions. Then, using the guideline values in experimental circuits, the desired results are produced by varying the experimental component values, if needed.



If you are a working engineer responsible for designing VFCs, or selecting IC converters, the variety of circuit configurations described here should simplify your task. Not only does the book describe converter-circuit designs, but it also covers the most popular forms of VFC ICs available. Throughout the book, you will find a wealth of information on VFC ICs and related components, including how to test and troubleshoot completed circuits.

For all skill levels.
How to design and build V/F-converter circuits from scratch.

More Specification..!!

!: Up Step Down Transformer Buy Now

Voltage Converters - Why Do We Need Voltage Converters?

!: Voltage Converters - Why Do We Need Voltage Converters?

[if ]

[endif]

Commonly the word Voltage Converter is the name which is given to the device which acts as a switch which is in one location to control the voltage of gadgets which are in another location through power outlets. In the whole world most of the electrical outlets which produce alternating current with single phase will supply the voltage at 100 to 125 volts or 210 to 230 volts. The use of the Voltage converters is that they convert the voltage from 110 volts to 220 volts and 220 volts to 110 volts. Both the operations also can be done by some voltage converters.

The voltage converters are usually always sold with the with the plug at the end. Physical compatibility is also provided with the plugs as well.

Many methods are available for converting the voltage. A transformer is used to decrease or increase the voltage for alternating current. The voltage converters which will be used for small electronic gadgets will normally have a transformer will drop the smaller voltages such as to 4.5 volts to 12 volts. It will create a full wave rectifier which converts the alternating currents to the DC (direct current). Flattening the wave will be done by few additional Components. Few Components will contain only a transformer in the power supply which is external. That power supply will be with additional power in the gadget or a rectifier.

The voltage converters, which are sold for the usage in cars, have the DC outlets of 12 volts. The voltage converters don't necessarily come with transformer. Many a times, instead of a transformer, Zener diode is used, in order to bring down the DC voltage with huge loss of power. For the conversion of the alternating current the conversion of a low DC voltage to high voltage is required. Transformer usage is done for the increase in voltage. For the conversion of DC from AC, a conditioning circuit and a rectifier is used.

Two types of voltage transformers are available, namely the step up and step down voltage transformers. The conversion of a step up transformer is from 110 volts to 230 volts. The conversion of a step down transformer is from 230 volts to 110 volts. Many transformers will convert either ways. Voltage converters and transformers.

Throughout the world, voltage differs from country to country. The voltage level is either 220 volts or 110 volts. Plug sizes, plug holes and plug shapes also differ from country to country. Few countries such as in Canada and USA have the voltage of 120 volt with the frequency 60 Hz, while the others have the frequency of 50 Hz and the voltage of 220/240 volt. By using an appropriate voltage converter, this difference in voltages can be solved.

Voltage Converters - Why Do We Need Voltage Converters?

!: Kiln Controller Help !: Mini Rebounder Trampoline This Instant !: Echo Pb 251 Blower Top Quality